The question, “Why does God kill, when he commanded us not to?” is complex and delves into God’s nature, human morality, and the context of biblical history. Here’s a thoughtful response that considers these aspects:

1. Understanding the Commandment “You Shall Not Kill”

In the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:13), “You shall not kill” (or, more accurately translated, “You shall not murder”) is directed toward humans, emphasizing respect for human life. This commandment forbids murder—unjust or unlawful killing driven by malice, selfishness, or hatred. The prohibition on murder reflects God’s design for human relationships and society, encouraging justice, mercy, and peace among people.

2. God as the Giver of Life and Sovereign Judge

From a Christian perspective, God is understood as the Creator and sustainer of life (Genesis 2:7). As the author of life, God possesses unique authority over life and death, a role that is not assigned to humans. Biblically, God’s sovereignty over life means He has the right to give life and, in certain contexts, to take it away. This is seen as distinct from murder, as God’s judgments reflect His perfect justice and purpose, often beyond human comprehension (Deuteronomy 32:39).

Theological Insight: Theologian R.C. Sproul explains that God, as Creator, has moral authority over creation in a way that humans do not. God’s decisions regarding life and death are viewed within Christian theology as part of His divine prerogative, grounded in His justice, holiness, and omniscient wisdom.

3. Context of God’s Judgments in the Old Testament

In the Old Testament, some instances of God taking or commanding the taking of life occur within specific contexts of judgment. These events typically involve situations of extreme corruption, injustice, or idolatry, where God intervenes to correct or protect a larger purpose, such as preserving His covenant people or ending systemic evil. For example:

• The Flood (Genesis 6-9): Humanity had become exceedingly wicked, with “every intention of the thoughts of his heart only evil continually” (Genesis 6:5). The Flood narrative is seen as a judgment on pervasive evil, with God providing a new beginning through Noah.
• The Canaanite Conquest: The conquest of Canaan was commanded to stop the practices of idolatry, child sacrifice, and other morally destructive actions prevalent in Canaanite society (Deuteronomy 9:4-5). It’s framed within the Bible as a unique, specific judgment against extreme corruption, not a general endorsement of violence.

Apologetic Perspective: Apologists argue that these events illustrate God’s justice and mercy in unique historical contexts rather than a contradiction of His commandment. Additionally, they emphasize that such judgments were rare, specific, and purpose-driven, rather than general commandments to kill.

4. The New Testament and the Revelation of God’s Character in Jesus

In the New Testament, Jesus reveals the fullness of God’s character, emphasizing love, forgiveness, and peace. Jesus teaches mercy and compassion, contrasting with the judgments in the Old Testament and showing that God’s ultimate desire is for reconciliation rather than destruction (Matthew 5:43-48). Jesus’ teachings clarify that while God permits and even enacts judgment, His ultimate goal is redemption.

Biblical Support: In 2 Peter 3:9, it states that “the Lord is not slow to fulfill his promise… but is patient toward you, not wishing that any should perish.” This verse highlights God’s patience and His desire for repentance, showing that His judgment always includes opportunities for redemption and transformation.

5. Final Judgment and Eternal Perspective

Christianity teaches that while God’s judgments in history serve specific purposes, the ultimate and final judgment will be complete in eternity. At this time, God will fully address all injustice, suffering, and sin, bringing restoration to His creation (Revelation 20:11-15, 21:4). Until then, God’s occasional judgments in history are seen as precursors, revealing His commitment to justice and setting a foundation for a restored world.

Conclusion

In summary, God’s commandment against murder is directed at humans, guiding moral and social behavior. God’s authority over life and death is distinct from human actions, rooted in His role as Creator and Judge. Instances where God enacts judgment in the Bible are specific, purpose-driven, and point to His justice in extreme situations. The life and teachings of Jesus reveal God’s ultimate desire for love, peace, and redemption, affirming that God’s actions throughout scripture are consistent with His justice, holiness, and love for humanity.